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Oracle Database 11g Performance Tuning

This Oracle Database 11g Performance Tuning training starts with an unknown database that requires tuning. You'll then learn the steps a DBA performs to identify problem areas, diagnose common problems and fix them.

 Learn To:

• Describe Oracle tuning methodology.
• Use Oracle supplied tools for monitoring and diagnosing SQL and Instance tuning issues.
• Use database advisors to correct performance problems proactively.
• Identify problem SQL statements & tune SQL performance problems.
• Monitor the Instance Performance using Enterprise Manager.
• Tune instance components, primarily using Instance parameters.

SQL Tuning

The SQL tuning section assumes that the DBA has little or no ability to change the code. The DBA will influence the SQL performance with available tools, and will be introduced to various methods of identifying the SQL statements that require tuning (as well as the diagnostic tools needed to find ways to change the performance).

This will include the use of statistics, outlines and profiles to influence the optimizer, adding and rebuilding indexes and using the SQL Advisors. This course introduces the DB Replay and SQL Performance Analyzer tools to help you test and minimize the impact of change.

Instance Tuning

Instance tuning uses the same general method of observing a problem, diagnosing the problem and implementing a solution. The instance tuning lessons cover the details of major tunable components and describe how you can influence the instance behavior. For each lesson, we will examine the relevant components of the architecture.

The class only discusses the architecture to the level required to understand the symptoms and solutions. More detailed explanations are left to other courses, reference material and Oracle documentation.

 

Basic Tuning Tools

• Monitoring tools overview
• Enterprise Manager
• V$ Views
• Statistics and Metrics
• Wait Events

Using Automatic Workload Repository

• Managing the Automatic Workload RepositoryCreate AWR Snapshots

Defining Problems

• Defining the Problem
• Limit the Scope & Setting the Priority
• Top SQL Reports
• Common Tuning Problems
• Tuning During the Life Cycle
• ADDM Tuning Session
• Performance Versus Business Requirements

Using Metrics and Alerts

• Metrics, Alerts and Baselines
• Limitation of Base Statistics
  

Using Baselines

• Comparative Performance Analysis with AWR Baselines
• Automatic Workload Repository Baselines
• Moving Window Baseline
• Baselines in Performance Page Settings & Baseline Templates
• AWR Baselines & Creating AWR Baselines
• Managing Baselines with PL/SQL & Baseline Views
• Performance Monitoring and Baselines & Defining Alert Thresholds Using a Static Baseline
• Using EM to Quickly Configure & Changing Adaptive Threshold Settings

Using AWR Based Tools

• Automated Maintenance Tasks
• ADDM Performance Monitoring
• Active Session History

Monitoring an Application

• What Is a Service? Service Attributes & Service Types
• Creating Services & Managing Services in a Single-Instance Environment
• Everything Switches to Services.
• Using Services with Client Applications & Using Services with the Resource Manager
• Services and Resource Manager with EM & Using Services with the Scheduler
• Using Services with Parallel Operations & Metric Thresholds
• Service Aggregation and Tracing & Service Aggregation Configuration.
• Client Identifier Aggregation and Tracing & Service Performance Views

Identifying Problem SQL Statements

• SQL Statement Processing Phases & Role of the Oracle Optimizer
• Identifying Bad SQL, Real Time SQL Monitoring (a 11.1 feature new lesson in NF L-15) & TOP SQL Reports
• What Is an Execution Plan? Methods for Viewing Execution Plans & Uses of Execution Plans
• DBMS_XPLAN Package: Overview & EXPLAIN PLAN Command
• Reading an Execution Plan, Using the V$SQL_PLAN View & Querying the AWR
• SQL*Plus AUTOTRACE & SQL Trace Facility
• How to Use the SQL Trace Facility
• Generate an Optimizer Trace

Influencing the Optimizer

• Functions of the Query Optimizer, Selectivity, Cardinality and Cost & Changing Optimizer Behavior
• Using Hints, Optimizer Statistics & Extended Statistics
• Controlling the Behavior of the Optimizer with Parameters
• Enabling Query Optimizer Features & Influencing the Optimizer Approach
• Optimizing SQL Statements, Access Paths & Choosing an Access Path
• Join & Sort Operations
• How the Query Optimizer Chooses Execution Plans for Joins
• Reducing the Cost

Using SQL Performance Analyzer

• Real Application Testing: Overview & Use Cases
• SQL Performance Analyzer: Process & Capturing the SQL Workload
• Creating a SQL Performance Analyzer Task & SPA (NF Lesson 9) DBMS_SQLTUNE.CREATE_TUNING_TASK
• Optimizer Upgrade Simulation & SQL Performance Analyzer Task Page
• Comparison Report & Comparison Report SQL Detail
• Tuning Regressing Statements & Preventing Regressions
• Parameter Change Analysis & Guided Workflow Analysis
• SQL Performance Analyzer: PL/SQL Example & Data Dictionary Views

SQL Performance Management

• Maintaining SQL Performance and Optimizer Statistics & Automated Maintenance Tasks
• Statistic Gathering Options & Setting Statistic Preferences
• Restore Statistics
• Deferred Statistics Publishing: Overview & Example
• Automatic SQL Tuning: Overview
• SQL Tuning Advisor: Overview
• Using the SQL Access Advisor
• SQL Plan Management: Overview

Using Database Replay

• The Big Picture & System Architecture
• Capture & Replay Considerations
• Replay Options & Analysis
• Database Replay Workflow in Enterprise Manager
• Packages and Procedures
• Data Dictionary Views: Database Replay
• Database Replay: PL/SQL Example
• Calibrating Replay Clients

Tuning the Shared Pool

• Shared Pool Architecture & Operation
• The Library Cache & Latch and Mutex
• Diagnostic Tools for Tuning the Shared Pool
• Avoiding Hard & Soft Parses
• Sizing the Shared Pool & Avoiding Fragmentation
• Data Dictionary Cache & SQL Query Result Cache
• UGA and Oracle Shared Server
• Large Pool & Tuning the Large Pool

Tuning the Buffer Cache

• Oracle Database Architecture: Buffer Cache
• Database Buffers
• Buffer Hash Table for Lookups
• Working Sets
• Buffer Cache Tuning Goals and Techniques
• Buffer Cache Performance Symptoms & Solutions
• Automatically Tuned Multiblock Reads
• Flushing the Buffer Cache (for Testing Only)

Tuning PGA and Temporary Space

• SQL Memory Usage & Performance Impact
• SQL Memory Manager
• Configuring Automatic PGA Memory & Setting PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET Initially
• Monitoring & Tuning SQL Memory Usage
• PGA Target Advice Statistics & Histograms
• Automatic PGA and Enterprise Manager & Automatic PGA and AWR Reports
• Temporary Tablespace Management: Overview & Monitoring Temporary Tablespace
• Temporary Tablespace Shrink & Tablespace Option for Creating Temporary Table

Automatic Memory Management

• Oracle Database Architecture, Dynamic SGA & Memory Advisories
• Granule & Manually Adding Granules to Components
• Increasing the Size of an SGA Component, SGA Sizing Parameters & Manually Resizing Dynamic SGA Parameters
• Automatic Shared Memory Management & Memory Broker Architecture
• Behavior of Auto-Tuned & Manually TunedSGA Parameters
• Using the V$PARAMETER View & Resizing SGA_TARGET
• Disabling, Configuring & Monitoring Automatic Shared Memory Management (ASMM)
• Automatic Memory Management

Tuning Segment Space Usage

• Space and Extent Management & Locally Managed Extents
• How Table Data Is Stored & Anatomy of a Database Block
• Minimize Block Visits
• The DB_BLOCK_SIZE Parameter
• Small & Large Block Size: Considerations
• Block Allocation, Free Lists & Block Space Management with Free Lists
• Automatic Segment Space Management
• Migration and Chaining, Shrinking Segments & Table Compression: Overview

Tuning I/O

• I/O Architecture, File System Characteristics, I/O Modes & Direct I/O
• Bandwidth Versus Size & Important I/O Metrics for Oracle Databases
• I/O Calibration and Enterprise Manager, I/O Calibration and the PL/SQL Interface & I/O Statistics and Enterprise Manager
• Stripe and Mirror Everything
• Using RAID
• I/O Diagnostics
• Database I/O Tuning
• What Is Automatic Storage Management?

Performance Tuning Summary

• Best practices identified throughout the course
• Summarize the performance tuning methodology

 

sql tuning course

This Oracle Database 11g: SQL Tuning Workshop Release 2 training assists database developers, DBAs and SQL developers in identifying and tuning inefficient SQL statements. You'll explore investigative methods to reveal varying levels of detail about how the Oracle database executes the SQL statement; this helps you determine the root causes of the inefficient SQL statements.

Many client/server application programmers consider SQL a messaging language, because queries are issued and data is returned. However, client tools often generate inefficient SQL statements. Therefore, a good understanding of the database SQL processing engine is necessary for writing optimal SQL. This is especially true for high transaction processing systems.

Typically, SQL statements issued by OLTP applications operate on relatively few rows at a time. If an index can point to the exact rows that are required, then Oracle can construct an accurate plan to access those rows efficiently through the shortest possible path. In decision support system (DSS) environments, selectivity is less important, because they often access most of a table's rows. In such situations, full table scans are common, and indexes are not even used.

Course Objectives

• Identify poorly performing SQL
• Trace an application through its different levels of the application architecture
• Understand how the Query Optimizer makes decisions about how to access data
• Define how optimizer statistics affect the performance of SQL
• List the possible methods of accessing data, including different join methods
• Modify a SQL statement to perform at its best

Course Topics

Exploring the Oracle Database Architecture

• Oracle Database Server Architecture: Overview
• Connecting to the Database Instance
• Physical Structure
• Oracle Database Memory Structures: Overview
• Automatic Shared Memory Management
• Automated SQL Execution Memory Management
• Database Storage Architecture, Logical and Physical Database Structures
• SYSTEM and SYSAUX Tablespaces

Introduction to SQL Tuning

• Reason for Inefficient SQL Performance
• Performance Monitoring Solutions
• Monitoring and Tuning Tools: Overview
• CPU and Wait Time Tuning Dimensions
• Scalability with Application Design, Implementation, and Configuration
• Common Mistakes on Customer systems & Proactive Tuning Methodology
• Simplicity in Application Design
• Data Modeling, Table Design, Index Design, Using Views, SQL Execution Efficiency, Overview of SQL*Plus & SQL Developer

Introduction to the Optimizer

• Structured Query Language
• SQL Statement Parsing: Overview
• Why Do You Need an Optimizer?
• Optimization During Hard Parse Operation
• Transformer & Estimator
• Cost-Based Optimizer
• Plan Generator
• Controlling the Behavior of the Optimizer, Optimizer Features and Oracle Database Releases

    Interpreting Execution Plans

• What Is an Execution Plan? Where To Find Execution Plans and Viewing Execution Plans
• Plan Table & AUTOTRACE
• Using the V$SQL_PLAN View
• Automatic Workload Repository (AWR)
• SQL Monitoring: Overview
• Interpreting an Execution Plan
• Reading More Complex Execution Plans and Reviewing the Execution Plan
• Looking Beyond Execution Plans

Application Tracing

• End-to-End Application Tracing Challenge
• Location for Diagnostic Traces
• What is a Service? Use Services with Client Applications & Tracing Services
• Use Enterprise Manager to Trace Services
• Session Level Tracing: Example
• The trcsess Utility and SQL Trace File Contents
• Invoking the tkprof Utility and Output of the tkprof Command
• tkprof Output with and without Index: Example

Optimizer: Table and Index Operations

• Row Source Operations, Main Structures and Access Paths
• Full Table Scan
• Indexes: Overview and B*-tree Indexes and Nulls
• Using Indexes: Considering Nullable Columns
• Index-Organized Tables
• Bitmap Indexes, Bitmap Operations and Bitmap Join Index
• Composite Indexes and Invisible Index
• Guidelines for Managing Indexes and Investigating Index Usage

Optimizer Join Methods

• Nested Loops Join
• Nested Loops Join: 11g Implementation
• Sort Merge join
• Hash Join and Cartesian Join
• Equijoins and Nonequijoins
• Outer Joins
• Semijoins
• Antijoins

Optimizer: Other Operators

• When Are Clusters Useful?
• Inlist Iterator and View Operator
• Count Stop Key Operator
• Min/Max and First Row Operators and Other N-Array Operations
• Filter operations and Concatenation Operations
• UNION [ALL], INTERSECT, MINUS
• Result Cache Operator

Case Study: Star Transformation

• The Star Schema Model and The Snowflake Schema Model
• Star Transformation
• Retrieving Fact Rows from One Dimension and from All Dimensions
• Joining the Intermediate Result Set with Dimensions
• Star Transformation Plan Examples
• Star Transformation Hints
• Using Bitmap Join Indexes
• Bitmap Join Indexes: Join Model 1 to 4

Optimizer Statistics

• Types of Optimizer Statistics
• Table, Index and Column Statistics
• Index Clustering Factor
• Histograms, Frequency Histograms and Histogram Considerations
• Multicolumn Statistics and Expression Statistics Overview
• Gathering System Statistics and Statistic Preferences
• Manual Statistics Gathering
• Locking Statistics, Export/Import Statistics and Set Statistics

Using Bind Variables

• Cursor Sharing and Different Literal Values
• Cursor Sharing and Bind Variables
• Bind Variable Peeking
• Cursor Sharing Enhancements
• The CURSOR_SHARING Parameter
• Forcing Cursor Sharing
• Adaptive Cursor Sharing
• Interacting with Adaptive Cursor Sharing

Using SQL Tuning Advisor

• Tuning SQL Statements Automatically
• Application Tuning Challenges
• SQL Tuning Advisor: Overview
• Stale or Missing Object Statistics and SQL Statement Profiling
• Plan Tuning Flow and SQL Profile Creation
• SQL Tuning Loop, Access Path Analysis and SQL Structure Analysis
• Database Control and SQL Tuning Advisor
• Implementing Recommendations

Using SQL Access Advisor

• SQL Access Advisor: Overview
• Possible Recommendations
• SQL Access Advisor Session: Initial Options
• SQL Access Advisor: Recommendation Options
• SQL Access Advisor: Schedule and Review
• SQL Access Advisor: Results
• SQL Access Advisor: Results and Implementation

Using Automatic SQL Tuning

• SQL Tuning Loop
• Automatic SQL Tuning
• Automatic Tuning Process
• Configuring Automatic SQL Tuning
• Automatic SQL Tuning: Result Summary
• Automatic SQL Tuning: Result Details
• Automatic SQL Tuning Result Details: Drilldown
• Automatic SQL Tuning Considerations

SQL Performance Management

• Maintaining SQL Performance and SQL Plan Management: Overview
• SQL Plan Baseline: Architecture
• Important Baseline SQL Plan Attributes
• SQL Plan Selection
• Possible SQL Plan Manageability Scenarios
• SQL Performance Analyzer and SQL Plan Baseline Scenario
• Loading a SQL Plan Baseline Automatically and Purging SQL Management Base Policy
• Enterprise Manager and SQL Plan Baselines

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Oracle Database 11g: SQL Tuning Work

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